Bartering

Bartering is a mechanic that lets players "barter" with piglins by giving them gold ingots. It is a reliable way of getting a large number of useful resources, and the only source of renewable Soul Speed books, Nether quartz, crying obsidian, soul sand, nether brick, gravel, and blackstone.

Piglins that are aggressive can still be given gold ingots, which will momentarily distract them. If a baby piglin is given a gold ingot, it will simply take it and will not give the player any items in return.

If the player hits a piglin that is examining a gold ingot and does not kill it in one hit, it will confiscate the ingot and not give the player any items in return, and will not be able to barter until it picks up a different item. If the piglin is killed in one hit it will drop the gold ingot.

Piglins can still become aggressive while they are bartering, in which case they will behave differently on different versions. On Java Edition the piglin will finish the barter with the usual delay before trying to attack the player, but on Bedrock Edition the piglin will finish the barter immediately and then try to attack the player.

If a piglin zombifies before it can complete the barter, it will drop the gold ingot it was examining. While a piglin is examining a gold ingot it will not retreat from zombified piglins or zoglins.

The items piglins can barter, and the odds of them being bartered, are shown below.

1.09%:

Enchanted Book with a random level of Soul Speed

1.74%:

Iron Boots with a random level of Soul Speed

Potion of Fire Resistance

Splash Potion of Fire Resistance

2.18%:

Water Bottle

10-36 Iron Nuggets

2-4 Ender Pearls

4.36%:

3-9 String

5-12 Nether Quartz

8.71%:

Obsidian

1-3 Crying Obsidian

Fire Charge

2-4 Leather

2-8 Soul Sand

2-8 Nether Brick

6-12 Spectral Arrows (Java Edition)

6-12 Arrows (Bedrock Edition)

8-16 Gravel

8-16 Blackstone

Trading

Trading is the process of buying and selling items with villagers and the wandering trader. In some cases, it is the only way to acquire certain items, and the only way to acquire certain resources renewably.

Villagers

Employed villagers have five different career levels, and players can level them up by trading with them. The five career levels each have a badge to go with them, which the villager will wear on their belt. The levels are: Novice (stone badge), apprentice (iron badge), journeyman (gold badge), expert (emerald badge), and master (diamond badge). All employed villagers start as a novice with two random trades, depending on their profession.

To level up a villager, they must receive a certain amount of experience, which they receive from being traded with by the player. 10 XP is required to level up the villager from the novice stage to the apprentice stage, then 70 XP to level them up to journeyman, then 150 XP for the master stage, and finally, 250 XP for the expert stage. When a villager levels up, it gains up to two new trades, in addition to their old ones, and receives a small amount of the Regeneration status effect. The new trades are randomly chosen from a list of several possible trades for that villager's new profession level.

Trading with villagers rewards the player with 3-6 experience (8-11 if the villager is willing to breed), plus an additional 5 experience if the villager is leveled up.

If a specific trade is used a certain amount of times, it will lock, and the trade will display a red X over it, until the villager restocks it by working at their workstation. Villagers restock their trades up to twice per day.

Villagers may raise their prices or offer discounts to the player, depending on their reputation with that villager and how much they have been trading with them. A player's reputation with a villager is increased by trading with the villager, curing zombie villagers, and when they have the Hero of the Village status effect from defeating a raid. Their reputation is decreased by hitting or killing villagers, and if a player's reputation with any villager is below -100, the village's iron golems will act hostile toward that player.

When villagers gossip during the morning and afternoon meetings, they will also spread news about players, and may cause other villagers to change their prices depending on the player's popularity. For example, if a player cures a zombie villager, this villager will offer massive discounts, and will also tell the other villagers, causing them to offer discounts because of the player's high popularity.

If a player is using a villager's trade over and over again, the villager may decide to raise the prices for that trade, based on the supply and demand mechanics. If this happens, waiting a few days before using that trade should put it back to normal.

Java Edition trading interface.

Bedrock Edition trading interface.

There are 13 different workstations, and 13 different villager professions to go with them:

Armorer

Armorer

Workstation: Blast Furnace

Will buy coal, iron ingots, buckets of lava, and diamonds, and will sell bells, shields, iron and chainmail armor, and a full suit of enchanted diamond armor.

                   

Butcher

Butcher

Workstation: Smoker

Will buy raw meat, coal, dried kelp blocks, and sweet berries, and will sell rabbit stew, cooked porkchops, and cooked chicken.

Cartographer

Cartographer

Workstation: Cartography Table

Will buy paper and glass panes, and will sell explorer maps for a compass and emeralds, item frames, banners, and the Globe banner pattern.

Cleric

Cleric

Workstation: Brewing Stand

Will buy rotten flesh, gold ingots, rabbit's feet, scutes, glass bottles, and nether wart, and will sell redstone dust, lapis lazuli, glowstone, ender pearls, and bottles o' enchanting.

Farmer

Farmer

Workstation: Composter

Will buy crops, and will sell bread, pumpkin pies, apples, cookies, cakes, suspicious stews, golden carrots, and glistering melon slices.

Fisherman

Fisherman

Workstation: Barrel

Will buy string, coal, raw salmon, raw cod, tropical fish, pufferfish, and boats, and will sell cooked fish, buckets of cod, campfires, and fishing rods.

Fletcher

Fletcher

Workstation: Fletching Table

Will buy sticks, flint, string, feathers, and tripwire hooks, and will sell flint for gravel and emeralds, arrows, bows, crossbows, and tipped arrows.

Leatherworker

Leatherworker

Workstation: Cauldron

Will buy leather, flint, rabbits' hides, and scutes, and will sell leather armor, leather horse armor, and saddles.

Librarian

Librarian

Workstation: Lectern

Will buy paper, books, ink sacs, and book and quills, and will sell bookshelves, lanterns, glass, clocks, compasses, nametags, and enchanted books for emeralds and a book.

Shepherd

Shepherd

Workstation: Loom

Will buy wool and dyes, and will sell shears, wool, carpet, beds, banners, and paintings.

Stone Mason

Stone Mason

Workstation: Stonecutter

Will buy clay balls, stone, andesite, diorite, granite, and quartz, and will sell bricks, chiseled stone bricks, polished andesite, polished diorite, polished granite, dripstone blocks, terracotta, glazed terracotta, quartz pillar, and quartz blocks.

Toolsmith

Toolsmith

Workstation: Smithing Table

Will buy coal, iron ingots, flint, and diamonds, and will sell bells, stone tools, enchanted iron tools, unenchanted diamond hoes, and enchanted diamond axes, shovels, and pickaxes.

Weaponsmith

Weaponsmith

Workstation: Grindstone

Will buy coal, iron ingots, flint, and diamonds, and will sell bells, iron axes, enchanted iron swords, enchanted diamond axes, and enchanted diamond swords.

Wandering Trader

The wandering trader will always show up with six trades, five ordinary trades and one special trade.

Ordinary Trades

The five ordinary trades are drawn from the list below.

One Emerald: Any flower (except for the wither rose), ferns, brown mushrooms, red mushrooms, any seed, pumpkins, sugar cane, vines, lily pads (×2), moss blocks (×2), pointed dripstone (×2), rooted dirt (×2), small dripleaf (×2), any color dye (×3), sand (×8), and red sand (×4).

Two Emeralds: Glowstone and sea pickles.

Three Emeralds: Cactus, any coral block, and kelp.

Four Emeralds: Slimeballs.

Five Emeralds: Any sapling and nautilus shells.

Special Trade

The one special trade is drawn from the list below, and is always the wandering trader's final offer.

One Emerald: Gunpowder.

Three Emeralds: Podzol (×3) and packed ice.

Five Emeralds: Bucket of pufferfish and bucket of tropical fish.

Six Emeralds: Blue ice.

The wandering trader's GUI in Java Edition.

Brewing

Brewing is the action of creating powerful potions that will give the player incredible effects, including night vision and water breathing.

Before the player can start brewing, they must find a Nether fortress. A Nether fortress contains everything needed for potion brewing. Blaze rods are vital for crafting and powering a brewing stand, and they are dropped by blazes, which spawn in Nether fortresses. Another vital ingredient for brewing is nether wart, which can be found growing around Nether fortress staircases, planted on soul sand.

To start, craft a brewing stand using 1 blaze rod and 3 cobblestone. These can also occasionally be found in villages. Then, put a blaze rod in the crafting interface to get 2 blaze powder, which is the fuel for the brewing stand. One piece of blaze powder will power 20 brewing operations. Craft some glass bottles using 3 glass, then fill them with water and place them in the brewing stand. Putting a piece of nether wart into the brewing stand will brew an awkward potion, which does nothing on its own, but once more ingredients are added it can turn into a number of powerful potions.

After brewing a potion, its duration can be increased by using redstone, its effect can be enhanced by using glowstone dust, it can be turned into a splash potion by using gunpowder, and by using a bottle of dragon's breath, a splash potion can be turned into a lingering potion, which will create a cloud of effect which will disappear after a few seconds.

NOTE: Water bottles and potions do not stack.

The brewing stand.

The brewing interface.

Enchanting

Enchanting is the process of adding extremely helpful powers to your tools. These powers can help you mine blocks at unimaginable speeds, deal massive amounts of damage to hostile mobs, and even multiply the durability of your tools.

Before you can start enchanting, there are a number of things you will need, the most important one being an enchanting table, which can be crafted from four obsidian, two diamonds, and a book. The next things to make are bookshelves, an anvil, and a grindstone. The crafting recipe for a bookshelf requires three books and six wooden planks. Surrounding your enchanting table with bookshelves (up to a maximum of 15) will give you more powerful enchantments. If you don't use bookshelves, your enchantments will be pretty weak.

When you place bookshelves around an enchanting table, make sure that there is exactly one block of air between the two. If the bookshelf is too close to the enchanting table, or if anything is between the enchanting table and the bookshelf (even a carpet), the bookshelf will not affect the enchanting table's enchantments.

The crafting recipe for an anvil is quite expensive: three blocks of iron and 4 iron ingots (a block of iron is crafted from 9 iron ingots, so that's a total of 31 iron ingots!). An anvil is used to combine enchanted items, repair items, and add extra enchantments to items using enchanted books.

The crafting recipe for a grindstone is one stone slab, two sticks, and two wooden planks. A grindstone is used to remove enchantments from items, so it's quite useful if you got a really useless enchantment. It will also give you a small amount of experience when you use it to remove enchantments. (Note: The grindstone cannot remove curses!)

Enchanting is not free. To enchant an item using an enchantment table, you must pay a certain amount of experience levels and lapis lazuli. If you're combining items in an anvil, you only need to pay experience. Lapis lazuli can be found in small veins most commonly found in the deepslate layers, and it can be bought from cleric villagers.

Once you open the enchanting table's interface and put in a tool, weapon, or piece of armor, three randomized enchantments will come up for that item. Hovering over the enchantment will show its name. To the right of the enchantment will be a number representing the number of experience levels you need to unlock the enchantment. To the left will be an image of an experience orb with a number next to it, showing the amount of experience levels (and lapis lazuli) that you will actually need to pay.

Without bookshelves, available enchantments will be very weak and very cheap, with very few levels needed to unlock them. As bookshelves are added, the enchantments will increase in value and cost. If bookshelves are placed in a valid space to affect an enchanting table, mysterious runes will begin to be absorbed from them by the enchanting table. With 15 bookshelves around an enchanting table, the third enchantment will always require 30 levels to unlock it.

Once you put in the required amount of lapis lazuli and select an enchantment, the item will be given that enchantment. There is also the potential for it to receive bonus enchantments, in addition to the one shown. Once you have enchanted an item, you cannot add any more enchantments using the enchantment table. However, you can add more enchantments by enchanting some books or tools identical to the one in question and then combining them with the already enchanted item in an anvil. You can also do this with unenchanted items.

There are also some items that can only be enchanted through an anvil, and can't be enchanted directly in the enchanting table. For example, shields and shears.

The enchanting table.

The enchanting interface.

A bookshelf.

An enchanting table surrounded by bookshelves.

Smelting

Smelting is a vital action in Minecraft. It allows you to make nourishing foods by cooking raw meat, smelt raw ores to get processed ingots, make charcoal to craft torches, and smelt sand to obtain glass.

The crafting recipe for a furnace requires 8 pieces of cobblestone placed around the edges of a 3✖3 crafting grid, leaving an empty space in the middle. Place it in the world and interact with it to open its GUI.

Place the items to be smelted (meat, raw iron, etc.) in the top left slot, and the fuel in the bottom left slot, and smelting will begin (smelting will continue even if you close the interface). Each item will take 10 seconds to smelt. Smelting will stop under any of these four conditions:

• The furnace runs out of smeltable items.
• The furnace runs out of fuel.
• The output slot becomes full.
• The furnace is broken, in which case the furnace and all its contents will spill out onto the floor as loose items.

Different sorts of fuel will smelt different amounts of items. Wooden tools will smelt one item each, logs and planks will smelt 1.5 items (for example, two planks will smelt three items), coal or charcoal will smelt 8 items, a block of coal will smelt 80 items, and a bucket of lava will smelt 100 items (it will also leave behind an empty bucket). For a complete list of all the different fuels, see the Minecraft Wiki.

Once you remove smelted items from the output slot, experience will be rewarded, depending on the item smelted and the amount smelted. Some items yield more experience than others when smelted (for example, smelting raw gold yields more experience per item than raw iron or raw copper).

While smelting is in progress, it is important not to move too far away from the furnace, otherwise it will stop smelting until you get in range again.

There are also two other types of furnaces, designed to smelt specific items: The blast furnace and the smoker. The crafting recipe for a blast furnace requires one furnace, 5 iron ingots, and 3 smooth stone. The crafting recipe for a smoker requires on furnace and 4 logs. The blast furnace is used to smelt ores and their products (raw iron, raw gold, etc.). The blast furnace can smelt one item in 5 seconds (twice as fast as a regular furnace). The smoker is used to cook raw meats. It can smelt one item in 5 seconds.

The furnace.

The blast furnace.

The smoker.

The smelting interface.

Crafting

Crafting is the process of combining blocks and items to make tools, armor, and many other useful items. It is one of the most important processes in the game, as it is one of the only ways to acquire tools needed for game progression.

When you open your inventory, you will have access to a 2✖2 crafting grid. This can only be used to craft very basic items. If you put a log in the crafting grid, it will break down into four planks. If you then take those planks and put them in the crafting grid, you will get a crafting table. Once you place it in the world and interact with it, it will give you access to a 3✖3 crafting grid, which will allow you to craft all of the game's craftable items (including the ones you can craft on the 2✖2 grid).

For both of the crafting grids, there is a list of recipes called the Recipe Book, which tells you which items you are currently able to craft with the items you have in your inventory. You will unlock more recipes as you collect new resources.

Most recipes are "fixed" recipes, meaning that their ingredients must be placed in a specific way in the crafting grid. There are a handful of recipes that are "shapeless" recipes, meaning that the ingredients can be placed in any way on the crafting grid.

The crafting table.

The 3✖3 crafting interface.

The inventory and its 2✖2 crafting interface, with the recipe book tab beneath it.